Products

Optical Communications Products

SYSTEMS

Optical_Sources *** Amplifiers

Couplers_Passive *** Fiber_Propagation

Detectors_Receivers *** Test Equipment

Switches, Crosspoints *** OADM

GLOSSARY, Optics pages

System Components (go here for catalogs, reviews, summaries)

Photonics Online: Resource for the photonic industry offering technical information about lasers, optics, optical, optoelectronics, electro-optics, fiberoptic, imaging, detectors

Discussions of component markets, Buyer's guides:

1: NIST US Economic Benefit, 2: KMI Fiberoptics Research

System Manufacturers

Lucent Technologies - Optical Networking Lucent WaveStar 16-1 SONET ADM	MCI/Worldcom MCI- Quad WDM MCI Products - By Product Categories	Nortel
Frontier Corporation, A Leading Integrated Telecommunications Company
Qwest	BellAtlantic	Alcatel Optical Network Products Page
Cisco Cisco and CIENA Launch Initiative for Industry-Wide Optical Internetworking Forum cisco.com 4/98	MCI MCI Significantly Expands Fiberoptic Network Capacity With Largest-Ever Coupler Contract L/O Mag 3/97	Cambrian Systems Corporation: Product Information
Ciena	SDL design, manufacture and sale of semiconductor lasers, laser-based systems and fiberoptic-related solutions.	Tellium
Optelecom Communication Products Division-- digital video, voice, and data products.	Ericsson - the world-leading supplier in telecommunications	Fujitsu Network Comm -- Technology
HP Telecommunications Press Releases	DWDM from Hitachi Telecom (USA), Inc.	Optical Networks, Incorporated
Osicom Technologies	BTTJ
ICG FOTI Home Page

Optical Sources

LEDs / Other

Theory

How an LED works

Linewidths and dispersion, multimode fiber

Singlemode fiber

LED Communications-- FDDI, 802.3, ...

Products

Emitters: H-P, Sumitomo

LED Data-links: H-P, Honeywell

Lasers (semiconductor, solid-state, diode)

Theory

energy levels, rate equations, population inversion,
spontaneous and stimulated emission
achieving a stable single mode
Frequency Selection
Frequency Tuning
Polarization techniques
Coherent communications

Materials

GaAlAs, InGaAsP

Configurations

Fabrication Techniques (surface, cavity, ext cavity, het)

Solid-state Q-switched microchip (Uniphase)

General Characteristics (coupled power, linewidth, accuracy, tunability)

Frequency Selection

Frequency Tuning -- Tunable Laser Source (TLS)

(Photonics Online) Tunable Lasers Provide Critical Element for DWDM, Multiwavelength Diode Laser Enables High-Speed Network

(Photonics Online) DFB Laser Tunes Over Four WDM Channels -Etalon-stabilized diode laser module offers 6 nm of tunability with better than 40 pm accuracy.

Sensitivity to external cavity effects, back-reflection, intensity/temperature, ...

Lasers/Active, Modulators,

NEC	Lucent	Lasertron?
Sumitomo	OKI	Sharp
H-P	BTD, now BT?	Vitesse
Honeywell	IOC

Reference Sources

NorTech iTunable TLS 30 mW @1510-1568nm in 0.01nm increments

See Also Test Equipment -- Fiberoptic

Modulation

Modulation types:

Direct

WDM, DWDM, (Channel cf and BW, ISI, ...)

Nortel DFB Laser Tunes Over Four WDM Channels

TDM, time division multiplexing
OPTICAL HIGH-SPEED TDM SYSTEMS

Compiled Communication for All-optical TDM Networks

CDM --

(PSU- CTC) Delivering an all-optical cdma network

Configurations Direct (current), external, grating, etalon,...

Cleaved Coupled Cavity (C³)

LiNbO, ...non-linear optics

General Characteristics

Bandwidth, Modulation Depth, Stability, Phase Noise, Lifetime, ...

Detectability issues

See also Modulation and Encoding, Synchronization

Integrated Optical Components, Ltd.

Amplifiers (see also EDFA)

Configurations

Broadband Raman Amplification via stimulated emission

Optical Pumping

General Characteristics

Gain, Bandwidth, noise figure, linearity, ISI, Crosstalk

Hidden Benefits of Optical Transparency

Amplified Spontaneous emission: ASE Noise Accumulation (Columbia U.)

Harmonic Lightwaves broadband amplifier platforms, see also MAXLink

Regenerative memory

All-optical regenerative memory for long term data storage

VENDORS

Filters

Photonic Crystals, Photonic Bandgap Materials

Etalons, Gratings, Waveguides, Materials/Doping

Interference Filters, couplers:

Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)

JDS-Fitel

Applications:

Optical Add-Drop Mux (OADM)

Fiber & Propagation

1 An optical fiber is a filament of low-loss silicates that serves as a waveguide for optical signals. It has a typical transmission spectrum as shown in Figure 1. TBD

Fiber Configurations:

Multimode (MMF), characterized by: core/cladding diameters, step vs. graded index, -> BW*D bandwidth-distance product Numerical Aperture (N.A.), nominal index of refraction, loss in dB/km, . dispersion parameters	Singlemode (SMF), (e.g. Corning SMF-28) characterized by: Mode Field Diameter, Material dispersion and dispersion slope, NA ~= Numerical Aperture (N.A.), nominal index of refraction, loss in dB/km,
Advantages: low-precision terminations at lower cost, suitable for LED launch.	Advantages: low loss, dispersion.
Disadvantages: high dispersion (low data rate), high loss.	Disadvantages: requires ELED or laser to hit small entry mode

Dispersion shifted (DS),

Polarization preserving (PP),

Radiation hardened,

Other

General Characteristics

Loss, NA, dispersion, MFD, polarization profile, distributed reflectivity, ...

Specific Characteristics

Fiber

Intag-- Advantages of Fiber Optic Cable

Anixter-- Fiberoptic Solutions Page

Propagation -- 2, Modes, channel characteristics

Dispersion types; material, modal, chromatic

Nonlinearities -- Systems Impact of Fiber Nonlinearities
(Repeated Monday, Course 112)

Raman, Brillouin scattering

Soliton propagation

Testing

Power/Loss kits, OTDRs, spectrum analysis

Splicing

Fusion, elastomeric

Connectors

Back-reflection

Integrated Optics [1]

CORD: COntention Resolution using Delay lines

COntention Resolution using Delay-lines

PIRI (integrated optics) The PIRI Home Page

Couplers & Passive Devices

Emerging components and technologies for all-optical photonic systems II (in MARION)

AMP: Light Reading, MT-RJ, Nexus

Corning

Gould

Coupling Optical Couplers

Switches Optical Switches ASOC

Detectors and Receivers

Detectors Silicon infrared ~1.5um.

Receivers OC-3 thru OC-192 Modules

Lucent -- Lucent/Furukawa= FiNet Technologies

ICG FOTI

Sumitomo

ASOC

NRC

OKI

Clock Recovery (see also modulation and encoding)

Test Equipment

Laser and Fiber Test equipment, System Test Equipment

Optical Power Meters, Calibrated sources, Integrating Spheres, BERTs, Ultrafast Detectors, Wavelength Meters, Optical Time-Domain Reflectometers (OTDRs), Optical Modulators, Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSAs), Polarization Analyzers, Optical Channel Analyzers (OCAs), Tunable Laser Sources (TLSs)

H-P HP83464A DWDM Measurement System

Anritsu EXFO PK Technology Queensgate Tektronix E-Tek

Burleigh Wavemeters (to +/-0.1 ppm), OSAs via fiberoptics-online

GN Nettest Interferometric evaluation of Polarization Mode Dispersion up to 140 km at OC-192

WDM Testing for Service Providers: A Product and Vendor Survey:

What Do Carriers Want in a WDM Tester?

The ability to measure tighter channel spacings (and more channels) economically for wavelength resolution and drift, distortion, and crosstalk;

Compliance and interoperability testing;

Robust testing at the optical and transmission layer;

The ability to perform high-speed testing for low BERs quickly;

The ability to test multiple channels in parallel or simultaneously;

Remote monitoring and control capability at a central location;